多机器人系统协调协作控制技术综述

多机器人协调协作控制技术主要研究多机器人系统的体系结构、通信、感知、合作决策、协调控制、机器人学习等内容.对多机器人协作协调控制技术进行研究,可为多机器人协作协调控制系统的开发提供指导,是当前机器人领域研究的热门课题之一.     

委托代理风险的多维标度与防范对策研究--来自复杂系统和博弈论的启示

委托代理风险是现代企业治理中的共性问题,由于传统研究侧重于契约关系的完善而缺乏对风险性质本身的深入解析,所以研究的结果可以改善代理关系, 但未必能有效防止风险.本文在对现代企业理论相关研究进行探讨的基础上,将研究的焦点从契约关系研究转向风险性质研究,从经济维、政治维、文化维、时间维四个角度对代理风险进行了深层次剖析,并针对代理风险的特性提出了相应的防范对策.     

俄罗斯职业教育及其对我国职业教育改革的启示

本文主要通过对俄罗斯职业教育近况的介绍分析，与中国目前的职业技术教育相对比，从中找到差距和存在的问题，以资为中国职业教育改革提供借鉴。     

浅议高职院校的会计电算化实训

开展会计电算化实训是培养相关专业学生综合职业能力的重要环节,切实开展专项训练需要认清实训目标、调整实训内容,并解决一些现实问题.     

同类产品的定价模型研究

针对完全市场经济条件下运行的库存-销售系统中同类产品定价问题,提出了多产品组合定价决策模型.考虑到多产品的需求价格弹性和交叉弹性的影响,假定在已知价格浮动比例的情况下为产品制定投放市场价,使得价格发生调整后产品在一段时期内取得的投资收益最大,从而建立了一般化的二次规划模型.最后给出两种产品组合定价决策的案例,用二次规划的有效集法计算获得最优定价结果,对于多产品组合定价问题具有理论和实际价值.     

An efficient budget allocation policy for decentralisation of responsibility for site decontamination projects

Selection and execution of site decontamination projects is often best left to local authorities, in accordance with the subsidiarity principle, even though the budget for such projects is made available through a central authority. In this paper we suggest a practical budget allocation policy which a central authority can employ to allocate budgets to local authorities, while still optimising the central authority's environmental objective function. The procedure is fully consistent with the principle of decentralisation of responsibility for selection and execution of projects, and requires a minimum information exchange between local and central levels. Despite the information asymmetry between local and central levels, incentive compatibility problems can be (partially) prevented by choosing an appropriate evaluation mechanism. At the same time, the procedure is computationally effective and efficient, and can guarantee a fair budget allocation, making it easy to implement and politically acceptable.     

Take a risk: Preferring prevention over control of biological invaders

Scientists have argued that invasive species can be managed most cost effectively with greater investments in prevention. Further, under ideas like the precautionary principle it is reasonable to expect that a cautious manager would use more prevention relative to control because it keeps more invaders out. Yet, this is not typically done. In many cases, private and public resources are invested primarily to control existing invaders rather than to prevent new invasions. Managers frequently wait until after invaders have arrived and then scramble to limit the damages. We believe these paradoxical decisions can be understood by recognizing the link between typical human preferences for risk bearing and the technology of risk reduction. We demonstrate quantitatively how managers perceived to be cautious or averse to risk tend to shy away from prevention relative to control. This counterintuitive result arises because control is a safer choice than prevention because its productivity is relatively less risky: it works to remove existing invaders from the system. In contrast, the productivity of prevention is more uncertain because prevention only reduces the chance of invasion, it does not eliminate it, and invasion may not occur even in the absence of prevention. Managers' averse to risk will inherently avoid as much uncertainty as possible, whether the source of uncertainty regards ecological outcomes or economic productivity. Implications for environmental decision making are clear. In invasive species management, if managers act as though they are risk averse, their caution can backfire when it leads to more control rather than prevention. The social consequences of this choice are a greater probability of future invasions and lower social welfare. Our results suggest that social welfare is highest when managers were willing to “take a risk” with prevention.     

基于随机动态规划法的IT项目经济评价

传统的项目经济评价方法--TOC和ROI法不能有效地分析IT项目的投资价值,还可能导致错误的投资决策.通过引入随机动态规划法,可导出两类IT项目(购置型项目和自主开发项目)的经济评价模型,给出项目的投资决策临界值解,并进行详细的影响因素敏感性分析.该评价模型放松了金融期权定价模型的假设前提,更符合IT项目的实际情况,从而能准确地评估IT项目中内含的期权价值和投资机会价值.     

软件限时开发方法的研究与应用

限时开发是快速应用开发的最佳实践之一。文章介绍了限时开发的基本概念和优点以及适用的项目范围,通过一个进销存软件的开发实例说明如何成功地应用限时开发方法。     

逆向物流再造网络成本优化的相关机会目标规划模型研究

逆向物流凭借着其重大的经济社会价值，成为了企业物流战略的重要组成部分。本文简要介绍了逆向物流的经济价值和特点，划分了逆向物流产品构成，重点研究了逆向物流再造网络的结构和特点，并运用相关机会规划理论建立了逆向物流再造网络的成本优化模型。